When parasitizing in rice weevl feeding on maize, the body size of both females and males was the minimum.
但在寄生玉米粒中的米象时，其子代雌蜂和雄蜂的个体大小是最小的。Here are the original tracings , direct from the plotter. The "scent-image" of a female wasp.
这是从绘图仪上取下来的描记图，是雌蜂的气味图。"Nest-making female bees dragged their abdomens along the tubes when they were on their way out, " says Pitts-Singer.
“当筑巢的雌蜂出去时，它们沿着玻璃管拖着自己的肚子，”彼茨-辛格说。Previous oviposition experience significantly increased parasitism against both the most suitable and the hypo-suitable host larvae.
产卵经历能显著增强雌蜂对最优寄主和次优寄主的寄生能力；A main factor for female is the photoperiodical variation that decides whether progeny prepupae will enter diapause or not.
雌蜂感受光周期的变化是决定子代预蛹是否进入滞育的一个主要因素；Female bees returning to the altered homes "became hesitant and confused, " Pitts-Singer says.
回到变了样的家的雌蜂“变得犹豫不决和迷惑不解，”彼茨-辛格说。The wasp colonies are founded by females who fight each other aggressively to determine who will rule the nest.
这种胡蜂群体由雌蜂经过残酷的战斗决定谁来统治这一巢穴的形式来建立的。And they're using scanning and transmission electron microscopes to find the source of a nest-marking chemical that female bees secrete.
他们也在利用扫描和透射电子显微镜寻找雌蜂分泌的巢穴内标志性化学物质的原始资料。The females use their ovipositors to bore into the bark.
雌蜂用其产卵器钻入树皮。