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汉语拼音：suàn shù

研究自然数(正整数)、分数、小数的简单性质，及其加、减、乘、除、乘方、开方运算法则的一门学科。是数学中最基础的部分。由算术进一步发展起来的是代数学和数论。中国古代将数学和数学书也统称为算术。

1. 数学的一个分科。论数的性质、关系及其计算方法。一般中小学所学的算术，只研究其中的记数法、自然数和分数的四则运算，以及关于数的性质的基础知识。

   《三国志·蜀志·李譔传》：“﹝ 譔 ﹞五经、诸子，无不该览，加博好技艺，算术、卜数、医药、弓弩、机械之巧，皆致思焉。”《北齐书·方伎传·信都芳》：“ 信都芳 ， 河间 人。少明算术，为州里所称。”《元史·世祖纪四》：“令 蒙古 官子弟好学者，兼习算术。”

• The next development in arithmetic was the invention of mechanical devices and machines to speed up the execution of arithmetic processes.

  算术上的第二项进展是加速算术运算的机械装置和机器的发明。

• He accepted their mistaken estimate of his ability, felt that it was 26 to try, and was very poor at arithmetic, just as they expected.

  他接受了对他的能力的错误估计，认为它是26的尝试，并在算术很差，就像他们的预期。

• Mary got 100 on the first test in arithmetic but it was just a flash in the pan because she later failed several times in arithmetic.

  玛丽第一次算术考试得了100分，但只是昙花一现，因为后来几次算术考试都不及格。

• If there was a teacher they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work; without a teacher they would only play games.

  如果能有老师的话，他们就能读书，学数学或算术，而没有了老师的话，他们只能玩游戏。

• Using what you have learned so far, you could now build a simple calculator to evaluate arithmetic expressions as shown in Listing 9.

  使用迄今为止学到的东西，现在能够构建简单的计算器来计算算术表达式，如清单9所示

• The arithmetic types that represent integers, characters, and boolean values are collectively referred to as the integral types .

  表示整数、字符和布尔值的算术类型合称为整型。

• Specifies the maximum number of digits in the result of any decimal arithmetic.

  指定任意数字算术的结果中数字的最大数目。

• CPU time : The actual computational time necessary to process a set of instructions in the arithmetic and logic units of the computer .

  中央处理器时间：在计算机的算术和逻辑单元里，处理一组指令所需要的实际计算时间。

• Number theory is also referred to as the higher arithmetic, as in the title of Harold Davenport's book on the subject.

  一些理论也被称为高算术，因为标题中哈罗德达文波特的书的主题。