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汉语拼音：ā piàn

从尚未成熟的罂粟果里取出的乳状液体，干燥后变成淡黄色或棕色固体，味苦。医药上用作止泻药和镇痛药。常用成瘾，是一种毒品。用作毒品时，叫鸦片。

1. 即鸦片。

   明 李时珍 《本草纲目·穀二·阿芙蓉》﹝释名﹞：“阿片。俗作鸦片。” 梁启超 《游台第一信》：“ 臺湾 之阿片专卖事业，自詡为禁烟之一妙法，当有可供我研究者。”

• What is known regarding the developmental neurobiology of opioid systems?

  请描述阿片系统的发育神经生物学进展(胎儿).

• Chronic exposure to opiates eventually leads to drug addiction.

  长期使用阿片类药物可以导致严重的耐受和成瘾.

• Objective To review the neurochemical substrates of opiate reinforcement.

  摘要目的综述阿片强化的神经化学机制.

• What is known regarding opioid modulation of spinal pain pathways?

  已知的脊髓疼痛通路的阿片调节作用.

• Further studies are needed on opioids, N - methyl - D - aspartate antagonists, and ion channel blockers.

  阿片类药物 、 N - 甲基 -D- 天(门)冬氨酸拮抗剂和离子通道阻滞剂的疗效还有待研究.

• Spinal opioids have been widely used in clinical anesthesia and analgesia.

  椎管内阿片类药物已广泛应用于临床麻醉与镇痛.

• To review the neurochemical substrates of opiate reinforcement.

  目的综述阿片强化的神经化学机制.

• It is showed that Biondia henryi could increase the pain threshold , Naloxono could reverse analgesic effect.

  该镇痛作用可被腹腔注射的纳络酮对抗, 说明该镇痛作用是通过与阿片受体结合而实现的.

• Objective To probe a non drug therapy in the treatment of opiums drugs abstinence syndrome.

  目的探索一种治疗阿片类毒品戒断综合征的非药物疗法.

• Opioid peptides derived from milk have been becoming one of the key researches.

  其中具有阿片活性的一类肽正日益成为研究的热点.

• Objective : To evaluate the effect of Xingnaojing in emergency treatment of acute opiums poisoning.

  目的: 评价醒脑静在抢救急性阿片类药物中毒中的作用.

• These results suggest that opioid pep -- tides predominantly reduce synaptic transmission in NAcc.

  上述结果提示:在伏核内,阿片 肽 的作用在于降低突触传递.

• Methods: The related papers were consulted and the neurochemical mechanisms of opiate reinforcement were reviewed.

  方法在查阅和总结28篇国内外相关文献的基础上,着重论述了与阿片强化作用密切相关的神经递质系统及其相互关系.

• Objective To investigate effects of D - Ala ~2 - D - Leu ~5 - enkephaiin ( DADLE ) on hemodynomics in rats with hemorrhagic shock.

  目的探讨δ阿片受体激动剂D -Ala ~2-D-Leu~5-enkephalin ( DADLE ) 对失血性休克大鼠血压和心功能的影响.

• Administration of corticosteroid or injection of local agent has been additive treatment methods for opioid drugs.

  服用皮质类固醇激素或者局部注射麻醉剂已经成为阿片类药物的辅助治疗方法.