A jurisdiction act by a judge without jurisdictionis void; but a ministerial act, from whomsoever proceeding, may be ratified.
没有司法管辖权的法官所作的司法行为是无效的,但一项行政行为,不论由谁做出,都是可以事后追认的。But this section does not affect the right, without authorization, non-ratification of the forged signatures.
但本条并不影响对未经授权但非伪造签名之追认。It shall be regarded as a refusal of ratification that the statutory agent does not make any expression.
法定代理人未作表示的,视为拒绝追认。A subsequent ratification has a retrospective effect, and is equivalent to a prior command.
事后的追认具有溯及力,与先前同意具有同等效果。The ratification of administrative action, which "heals" the flaw of administrative action, is the curing of illegal administrative action.
行政行为追认是对瑕疵行政行为的“治愈”,是对不合法行政行为的矫正。A subsequent ratification has a retrospective affect , and be equivalent to a prior command .
事后的追认有溯及力,等同先前命令。Ratification and mending are two important approaches to cure the administrative formal illegality.
补正和追认是治愈行政形式违法性的两种重要方式。Pending the ratification, the bona fide counterpart has the right to rescind.
合同被追认之前,善意相对人有撤销的权利。A company general meeting resolution can ratify an act previously done by the directors.
可通过公司常务会议的决议,对董事已进行完毕的行为予以追认。