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汉语拼音：dé chuān mù fǔ

即江户幕府”(540页)。

德川幕府 [dé chuān mù fǔ]

1. 日本自奈良时代（公元八世纪）后，政权渐落入诸侯手中，形成如中古西欧的封建制度。到十二世纪，更演变成幕府政治，天皇无权，掌权诸侯以大将军名义组成幕府，管理中央政府，而地方诸侯仍互相吞并不已。到十六世纪，德川幕府掌权，拒绝外国传教士传道、商人贸易，且不准日本船只航行海外，实行闭关自守政策，此后两百年进入所谓「锁国时期」。

• The Meiji Restoration re-established the authority of Japan's emperor and heralded the fall of the military rulers known as shoguns.

  年，明治维新重建日本天皇权威，预示着德川幕府军事统治的衰亡。

• Even with vastly superior forces , it took the shogunate months of bitter fighting to put them down .

  即使拥有压倒性的优势，德川幕府也用了数月艰苦打斗才将他们平息。

• Differentiation and Discrimination on the "Great Monarch Diplomatic System"

  德川幕府的“大君外交体制”辨析

• In 1853, the United States came to the Japanese colonialists , led by Fleet offshore, to negotiate with the Tokugawa shogunate.

  1853年，美国殖民主义者率领舰队来到日本近海，要求与德川幕府谈判。

• The structures Ieyasu set in place were effective for governing Japan for the next 264 years.

  德川幕府体制对日本未来的264年统治起到了重要的作用。

• The Tokugawa shogunate arose after over a century of civil war.

  经过了一个世纪的内战，德川幕府粉墨登场。

• In 1603, a Tokugawa shogunate (military dictatorship)ushered in a long period of isolation from foreign influence to secure its power.

  1603年，德川幕府（军事独裁）在长期的隔绝状态中引入了国外影响来增强自己的力量。

• Edo period: Cultural period of Japanese history corresponding to the Tokugawa period of governance (1603-1867).

  江户时代：（1603~1867）日本历史上的文化期，相当于德川幕府统治的政治时期。

• Shuinsen Trading between Japan and Southeast Asia during the period of the Tokugawa Shogunate

  试论德川幕府时期日本与东南亚的朱印船贸易